Bristol's Garden Wine Gardens: Grape-Treading Fruit in City Spaces
Every quarter of an hour or so, an older diesel-powered train arrives at a spray-painted stop. Nearby, a law enforcement alarm pierces the near-constant traffic drone. Commuters rush by falling apart, ivy-covered garden fences as storm clouds form.
It is perhaps the least likely spot you expect to find a perfectly formed grape-growing plot. But James Bayliss-Smith has managed to 40 mature vines sagging with plump mauve berries on a sprawling allotment sandwiched between a row of historic homes and a local rail line just above Bristol town centre.
"I've seen individuals hiding illegal substances or whatever in the shrubbery," says Bayliss-Smith. "Yet you just get on with it ... and keep tending to your grapevines."
Bayliss-Smith, forty-six, a documentary cameraman who runs a fermented beverage company, is not the only local vintner. He's pulled together a informal group of cultivators who produce wine from four discreet city grape gardens tucked away in private yards and allotments throughout Bristol. The project is sufficiently underground to have an official name so far, but the collective's WhatsApp group is called Grape Expectations.
City Vineyards Around the Globe
So far, Bayliss-Smith's plot is the sole location listed in the Urban Vineyards Association's upcoming world atlas, which features more famous city vineyards such as the eighteen hundred vines on the slopes of the French capital's renowned Montmartre neighbourhood and over three thousand grapevines with views of and within the Italian city. Based in Italy charitable organization is at the forefront of a initiative re-establishing city vineyards in traditional winemaking nations, but has identified them all over the globe, including cities in East Asia, Bangladesh and Central Asia.
"Grape gardens help cities stay more eco-friendly and more diverse. They protect land from construction by establishing permanent, productive agricultural units within cities," explains the organization's leader.
Like all wines, those created in cities are a result of the soils the plants thrive in, the unpredictability of the climate and the individuals who tend the fruit. "A bottle of wine represents the beauty, local spirit, landscape and heritage of a urban center," notes the president.
Unknown Polish Grapes
Returning to Bristol, the grower is in a urgent timeline to harvest the vines he cultivated from a plant abandoned in his garden by a Eastern European household. If the precipitation arrives, then the birds may take advantage to feast once more. "This is the mystery Polish grape," he says, as he cleans damaged and rotten berries from the shimmering clusters. "We don't really know their exact classification, but they're definitely disease-resistant. Unlike noble varieties – Burgundy grapes, white wine grapes and additional renowned European varieties – you need not spray them with pesticides ... this is possibly a special variety that was developed by the Eastern Bloc."
Collective Efforts Across Bristol
The other members of the collective are also taking advantage of sunny interludes between bursts of autumn rain. At a rooftop garden with views of Bristol's glistening waterfront, where medieval merchant vessels once bobbed with barrels of wine from France and the Iberian peninsula, Katy Grant is collecting her rondo grapes from approximately fifty vines. "I love the aroma of these vines. It is so evocative," she remarks, stopping with a basket of fruit resting on her shoulder. "It recalls the fragrance of Provence when you roll down the car windows on holiday."
The humanitarian worker, 52, who has spent over two decades working for humanitarian organizations in war-torn regions, inadvertently inherited the grape garden when she moved back to the United Kingdom from East Africa with her household in 2018. She felt an overwhelming duty to maintain the vines in the garden of their recently acquired property. "This plot has previously endured multiple proprietors," she explains. "I really like the concept of natural stewardship – of handing this down to someone else so they continue producing from the soil."
Sloping Gardens and Traditional Production
A short walk away, the remaining cultivators of the group are busily laboring on the precipitous slopes of Avon Gorge. Jo Scofield has established over one hundred fifty plants perched on ledges in her expansive property, which tumbles down towards the silty local waterway. "People are always surprised," she says, gesturing towards the interwoven grape garden. "It's astonishing to them they are viewing grapevine lines in a urban neighborhood."
Today, Scofield, 60, is harvesting clusters of deep violet Rondo grapes from lines of vines slung across the cliff-side with the assistance of her child, her family member. The conservationist, a documentary producer who has contributed to streaming service's nature programming and television network's gardening shows, was inspired to cultivate vines after seeing her neighbour's grapevines. She has learned that amateurs can produce interesting, enjoyable traditional vintage, which can sell for more than seven pounds a glass in the growing number of wine bars focusing on minimal-intervention vintages. "It is deeply rewarding that you can actually create quality, traditional vintage," she says. "It is quite fashionable, but in reality it's resurrecting an traditional method of producing wine."
"When I tread the grapes, the various wild yeasts come off the skins and enter the juice," says the winemaker, ankle deep in a bucket of tiny stems, pips and red liquid. "That's how vintages were historically produced, but industrial wineries add sulphur [dioxide] to kill the natural cultures and subsequently add a lab-grown yeast."
Challenging Environments and Creative Solutions
A few doors down active senior Bob Reeve, who inspired his neighbor to plant her grapevines, has gathered his companions to harvest Chardonnay grapes from the 100 plants he has arranged precisely across two terraces. Reeve, a northern English PE teacher who worked at the local university developed a passion for wine on regular visits to France. But it is a challenge to grow this particular variety in the humidity of the gorge, with cooling tides sweeping in and out from the Bristol Channel. "I aimed to make Burgundian wines in this location, which is somewhat ambitious," admits the retiree with a smile. "Chardonnay is slow-maturing and particularly vulnerable to mildew."
"My goal was creating Burgundian wines in this environment, which is rather ambitious"
The temperamental Bristol climate is not the sole problem encountered by winegrowers. Reeve has had to install a fence on